We get behind the wheel of our vehicle every day, but probably give very little thought to what actually makes our vehicle go from Point A to Point B with ease.  Knowing simple basic principles of auto performance and maintenance can actually give us a feeling of security and empowerment, while also prolonging the life of our favorite rides.

Since this article is a bit lengthy, I’ve split it up in two separate posts for easier reading. Part two will be published on Tuesday.

1. Radiator/Coolant Reservoir
2. Fan Belt
3. Transmission Fluid
4. Oil/Dipstick
5. Air Filter
6. Brake Fluid
7. Windshield Wiper Fluid
8. Battery
9. Power Steering Fluid

1. Radiator

The radiator, which comes with a cap on the top, is located directly behind the grille.

The purpose of the radiator is to keep your vehicle from overheating by circulating the fluid in the cooling system through a series of fluid channels.

Check the fluid levels in the anti-freeze/coolant reservoir tank routinely. The fluid level should be up to the fill line and the coolant should be nice and clear. Fill to the level marking with 50/50 solution of antifreeze and water or purchase a product that has already been diluted for you. Remember not to remove the radiator cap when the engine is hot. If you notice the fluid seems dark or has small bits floating around, it needs to be changed. While you’re checking the fluid levels, check the hoses connected to the radiator to make sure there are no cracks, holes or leaks.  If you notice any of these tell-tale signs of trouble, hoses need to be replaced immediately.

For more information about the radiator, see this Cars for Girls article: How to Cool Down an Overheated Engine.

2. Fan Belt

The fan belt (or serpentine belt) connects the fan and the alternator.  When the ignition is turned on, the engine kicks over and starts turning the fan.   The fan propels the fan belt, which runs the alternator, which generates the electricity needed to run the electrical system in the vehicle.

If the fan belt goes out or it’s about ready to, you’ll know it by hearing a high pitched squeal coming from under the hood and you won’t have much time to replace it, so it’s a good idea to check the fan belt every 2000 miles or so, just to make sure there are no frays, cracks, rips or worn areas. Remember that the fan belt is an important component which powers the electrical system and allows your vehicle to move, so when the belt breaks, you’ll lose functions such your battery, air conditioning and power steering, which can be real trouble - especially when you’re driving on a busy street and your vehicle lurches to a sudden (and very dead) stop.

To learn how to replace a fan belt, see this Cars for Girls article: What is a Serpentine Belt?

3. Transmission Fluid

Transmission fluid should be checked routinely; approximately every 4 to 6 weeks should do it. 

Make sure the engine is running and be certain to set the parking brake. Shift the vehicle into the “Drive” position, and then back into “Park.” Remove the dipstick, wipe it off, re-insert, remove and note the fluid level. If you need to add transmission fluid, remember not to overfill. 

4. Oil

Oil keeps moving parts lubricated, cool and running smoothly. Without oil or enough oil – everything dries up and eventually can bring on disastrous results.  Think of oil much the same as body lotion; it keeps our skin smooth and supple as long as we use it regularly, but if we stop using it, over time our skin will begin to dry out, crack and show signs of aging. 

Oil should be checked regularly by letting the engine cool down, removing the dipstick, wiping it off, inserting it back into the reservoir and removing it again to get an accurate reading.  You’ll see two lines; one indicating Add while the other will indicate Full.  If the oil on the dipstick is at the Add line, you will need to add oil.  You can do this easily by removing the cap on the top of the engine and pouring in fresh oil a quart at a time instructions are available in this Cars for Girls article: How to Check the Oil.

Tomorrow - Routine Vehicle Maintenance: Understanding the Basics Part 2

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